![]() Other phenomena that are remarkable because they are forms of visual illusions include: For example, if the sun is overhead, any possible rainbow appears near an observer's feet, making it hard to see, and involves very few raindrops between the observer's eyes and the ground, making any rainbow very sparse. Because rainbows are seen on the opposite side of the sky from the sun, rainbows are more visible the closer the sun is to the horizon. These result from a combination of internal reflection and dispersive refraction of light in raindrops. islands, cliffs, ships, and icebergs) appear elongated and elevated, like "fairy tale castles". A spectacular form of refraction, called the Fata Morgana, occurs with a temperature inversion, in which objects on the horizon or even beyond the horizon (e.g. Other optical phenomena associated with this include the Novaya Zemlya effect, in which the Sun has a distorted shape and rises earlier or sets later than predicted. These are optical phenomena in which light rays are bent due to thermal variations in the refractive index of air, producing displaced or heavily distorted images of distant objects. ![]() They depend on different particle sizes and geometries. These are from scattering, or refraction, by ice crystals and from other particles in the atmosphere. Halos, afterglows, coronas, polar stratospheric clouds, and sun dogs.These are from additional particulate matter in the sky that scatter different colors at different angles. Other colours in the sky, such as glowing skies at dusk and dawn.The red light reaches the observer's eye, whereas the blue light is scattered out of the line of sight. This is because long-wavelength (red) light is scattered less than blue light. The reddish color of the Sun when it is observed through a thick atmosphere, as during a sunrise or sunset.This is from Rayleigh scattering, which sends more higher frequency/shorter wavelength (blue) sunlight into the eye of an observer than other frequencies/wavelength. Meteorological optical phenomena, as described in this article, are concerned with how the optical properties of Earth's atmosphere cause a wide range of optical phenomena and visual perception phenomena.Įxamples of meteorological phenomena include: ![]() Nevertheless, the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. ![]() Meteorological optics is "that part of atmospheric optics concerned with the study of patterns observable with the naked eye". temporal and spatial resolutions beyond those discernible with the naked eye". A colorful sky is often due to indirect sunlight being scattered off air molecules and particulates, like smog, soot, and cloud droplets, as shown in this photo of a sunset during the October 2007 California wildfires.Ītmospheric optics is "the study of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere or products of atmospheric processes. ![]()
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